It is estimated that the country will need around 5.6 million distributed energy systems by 2030 to guarantee universal access to energy. Another relevant fact presented is that 65 per cent of the energy currently
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Mozambique has a potential solar energy yield estimated between 1,785 and 2,206 kWh/m2/year, resulting in a solar energy potential of 23,000GWh/year. In August 2019, the first grid-ready solar power station, the 40 megawatts Mocuba Solar Power Station, in Mocuba District, Zambezia Province, achieved commercial commissioning.
Despite this huge generation potential only 38.6%1) of its population had access to electricity in 2021. The total installed power capacity in Mozambique stood at around 2,800 MW in the year 2021 whereas the peak demand reported by the state-owned energy utility Electricidade de Moçambique (EDM) was at 1,035 MW.
The country’s biggest power plant, Cahora Bassa hydro plant, has an installed capacity of 2,075 MW. Currently, over 75% of the electricity generated from the hydropower plant is exported to South Africa. The remaining capacity, around 1,300 MW, is utilised to meet local electricity demand in Mozambique.
The optimal power system expansion plan if wind and solar capacity are allowed to triple to reach almost 3 GW by 2032. Currently, the power system of Mozambique is separated into two transmission networks isolated from one another: the Central-Northern and Southern systems. Over 50% of the annual power demand is seen in the Southern system.
In addition to the planned generation capacity that is likely to be commissioned by 2024, the modelling results indicate that Mozambique will need 1.5 GW of new base load gas projects and 230 MW of new flexible gas projects from 2025 to 2032.
Domestic gas from the Northern coast of Mozambique is expected to be available by 2026. The pressing challenge for Mozambique’s energy authorities is to ensure that the entire population gets affordable and uninterrupted access to electricity over the next decade.
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